During in-circuit tests (ICT) all components on the PCB are measured. In doing so, defective components are detected and can be replaced accordingly.

Function tests (FCT) check the entire intended function of a PCB. According to the intended area of use, the environment is replicated and the electrical performance of the PCB is checked.

In order to optimally fulfill the contacting requirements, various test probes are available. These differ in terms of installation height, grid size (possible distance between probes), tip style, and type of connection – see following illustration. The electrical connection is achieved either with a solder cup or wire-wrap, with or without cable (wireless).